Barbary Lions May Come Back to Morocco's Atlas Mountains

The Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo), also known as the Atlas lion is a subspecies of lion that became extinct in the wild in the 20th century. Its former habitat range was in North Africa encompassing the region from Morocco to Egypt. And over the last few years there have been growing calls for the reintroduction of the Babrary lion to the wild in Morocco.
What makes this extraordinary is that there are many scientists who believe the lion is extinct. Yet others claim there are 90 lions alive in zoos including 35 in Rabat.


The Moroccan Ministry of Water and Forests had raised the matter in 2000, with the growing awareness of the danger threatening this species. The reintroduction of the Atlas lions in their natural sphere is deemed a long-term project that would necessitate both significant human and financial efforts to achieve it. The former popularity of the Barbary Lion as a zoo animal provides the only hope to ever see it again in the wild in North Africa. Many zoos provide mating programmes, which will help to increase the population of the species.


After years of research into the science of the Barbary Lion and stories of surviving examples, WildLink International, in collaboration with Oxford University, launched their ambitious International Barbary Lion Project. Oxford used the very latest DNA techniques to identify the DNA 'fingerprint' of the Barbary Lion subspecies. Researchers took bone samples from remains of Barbary Lions in museums across Europe.

These samples were returned to Oxford University where the science team extracted the DNA sequence which identified the Barbary as a separate subspecies. Although the Barbary may be extinct, and is certainly extinct in the wild, WildLink International looked to identify a handful of lions in captivity around the world that may be descended from the original Barbary Lion.

These descendants were to be tested against the DNA fingerprint and the degree of any hybridization (from crossbreeding) can then be determined. The best candidates were to then enter a selective breeding programme slated to 'breed back' the Barbary Lion.

The final phase of the project intended to see the lions released into a National Park in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco.

 As of March 2010, two alleged barbary lion cubs have been moved to 'The Texas Zoo' in Victoria, Texas where efforts are being made to preserve the endangered species under the WildLink International conservation programme.

 In Morocco a protected area of 10,000 hectares has allegedly been defined in a sparsely populated area in order to build this ambitious project.

 As recently as last week La Vie Eco was writing that "Moroccan civil society has been mobilized recently in support of the kingdom’s mountain lions". There is reportedly an internet a petition circulating calling for the reintroduction of the atlas lions to their natural environment, which proponents say is Morocco’s Atlas mountains.

 The main sources of natural prey for the predators of the Atlas Mountains were Barbary Stag and gazelle. Another particular favorite, and somewhat easier target, were the herds of cows and sheep kept by man. The method of hunting was never documented, but it is believed that they used the same death by strangulation method as do the other big cats of the world.

 SHARE THIS!
Print Friendly and PDF

New Creative Director for the Jardin Marjorelle

Stephen di Renza is a man described as having "feline chic". While that may be true, there is a lot more to the man who has just been appointed Creative Director of one of Marrakech's main attractions - the Jardin Majorelle.
Stephen di Renza in Fez

Like most New York intellectuals of his generation, Stephen di Renza studied Derrida and Lyotard as well as Warhol and the punk bands playing at Max’s Kansas City. After a B.A. in film study at NYU, the Philadelphia-born di Renza started out as a photo stylist for Interview magazine, did a stint as an industrial designer, and acted as fashion director for Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman. In Paris he made his name as the Artistic Director for Dunhill where his style was described as "chic by subtraction". In Dunhill's Heritage Store di Renza mixed vintage pieces, modern re-editions and contemporary art.

Stephen in Paris   Photo : Vincent Lappartient
A long sojourn in Paris was followed by a move to Fez and the creation of Riad 9 and Resto 7. Last year Di Renza met entrepreneur Pierre Bergé. "I really respect the people behind the Jardin Majorelle," Stephen says.

The respect was obviously mutual and he clearly left a favourable impression with Bergé, who revived the fortunes of the Jardin Majorelle with his late partner Yves St Laurent. Recently di Renza received the job offer as Creative Director of what is one of the top attractions in Marrakech.

 For a man with Stephen's considerable talents, it is, as he describes it. "a dream role". "I'm going to be creating all new products made in Morocco," he told The View from Fez. "I'm looking to combine modern Morocco with international savoir faire."

  The Majorelle Garden

 Majorelle is a twelve-acre botanical garden and artist's landscape garden in Marrakech. It was designed by the expatriate French artist Jacques Majorelle in the 1920s and 1930s, during the colonial period when Morocco was a protectorate of France.

Majorelle Gardens - photo: Suzanna Clarke
Majorelle was the son of the Art Nouveau ébéniste of Nancy, Louis Majorelle. Though Majorelle's gentlemanly Orientalist watercolors are largely forgotten today (many are preserved in the villa's collection), the two and a half acre garden he created is his creative masterpiece.

The special shade of bold cobalt blue which he used extensively in the garden and its buildings is named after him, bleu Majorelle — Majorelle Blue. The garden hosts more than 15 bird species that are endemic to North Africa. It has many fountains, and a notable collection of cacti. It has been open to the public since 1947.

Since 1980 the garden has been owned by the late Yves Saint-Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé. After Yves Saint Laurent died in 2008 his ashes were scattered in the Majorelle Garden. 
The garden also houses the Islamic Art Museum of Marrakech, whose collection includes North African textiles from Saint-Laurent's personal collection as well as ceramics, jewelry, and paintings by Majorelle.

 SHARE THIS!
Print Friendly and PDF

Fes Festival of World Sacred Music 2013 - the Wrap Up

The 19th edition of the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music is over.  Here is a retrospective look at what many are describing as one of the best festivals so far. Picking favourites and highlights is often a difficult task, but this year audiences and reviewers alike had very similar choices.

The opening night spectacle (see review here) was the presentation of the premier of Love Is My Religion, which is best is described as Andalusia recreated through poetry, dance and music. It was everything an opening night performance should be and one of the best to date.

 The performance, directed by Andrés Marín, featured more than thirty Arabo-Andalusian, Sufi, Amazigh and Spanish flamenco artists and included: Andrés Marín, dance, Carmen Linares, vocals, Amina Alaoui, vocals, Cherifa, vocals and Samira Kaderi, vocals. The music co-ordination was by Aziz Al Achab.

 Right from the beginning, with the Andres Marin's display of passionate flamenco, the audience knew they were in for something special. Marin, unaccompanied, moved across the stage, taut and birdlike. Soon he was joined by a haunting clarinet until the piece built ultimately to include ouds, drums and cellos. He moved with core muscles braced and back arched, his heels mimicking the clatter of horse’s hooves.


However, the highlight for many was the appearance of Amazigh singer Cherifa (pictured above). As she entered the stage, flanked by Arab artist Bahaa Ronda and Spanish singer Carmen Linares, some of the crowd broke into ululations of appreciation. Cherifa opened her mouth and the energy in the air crackled, her deeply evocative voice raising goosebumps on one’s skin. Cherifa's command of her art produced an eerily primal sound that seemed both ancient and timeless.

Sufi Nights with the Hamadcha Brotherhood

Along with Cherifa's opening night performance the most widely talked about concerts were those by Paco de Lucía, the Mongolian Sardinian Fusion, El Gusto, Fado singer Ana Moura and Patti Smith. Among the local Moroccans, the Assala Nasri's concert was a huge hit. At the Sufi Nights at Dar Tazi, the local Hamadcha Brotherhood were overwhelming favourites. The free concerts in the Festival in the City series was again extremely popular, with favourites being (unsurprisingly) the Hamadcha and Dj ClicK and, Nass L'Ghiwan and Hamid el Kasri.


Paco de Lucía's appearance was a highlight in many ways, not just the maestro's extraordinarily passionate guitar work, but also due to the superb performances by singer Juan Rafael Cortés Santiago, known as Duquende and flamenco dancer Antonio Fernández Montoya, known as “Farruco”. (See review here)


There were many performances at the festival this year that combined music from different traditions some, like the Indian/baroque concert were only mildly successful, but the standout was the afternoon at the Batha museum that featured the polyphonic work of the Sardinian Cuncordu E Tenore de Orosei and diphonic Mongolian khöömii chanting from singers Ts Tsogtgerel and Nergui Ganzorig of Mongolia.

 At first glance the pairing looked like a recipe for disaster, but the reality was wonderful. It was, as one reviewer put it, as if the tectonic plates had shifted. Asia's Altai and Gobi Desert crashed into the mountains of Sardinia, producing a culture shock with Fez at the epicentre.

 The Mongolians remarkable ability to depict landscape was matched by the Sardinians. The Mongolians evoked the sound of horses galloping over the windswept steppes while the Sardinians polyphony took the audience soaring over peaks, plateaus and into valleys. Their crystal clear harmonies combined to produce a soudscape greater than its individual parts. Then, when they came together in a huddle, the Mongolian overtone chanting became the solid drone base for a new landscape of steppes and, somewhere in the musical distance, the mountain peaks. Unforgettable. (See review here)


Probably one of ther most poignant moments in the festival was when, with a tear running down her cheek, Aïcha Redouane sang (pictured above) for the first time in her own language (Amazigh) in her own country. And then, of course there was the triumph that was Patti. (See our review here)



Behind the Scenes

 The programming of this festival was seen by most people as being an extremely good mix of music and culture with virtually no exceptions. The Nights in the Medina evenings worked well apart from the usual complaints about the bad sight-lines at Dar Mokri. Hopefully a better venue can be found for the next festival.  Security and signage was more than adequate. The Sufi Nights were very well attended as were the Festival in the City events.

A village in the Upper Nile comes to life at Batha

Congratulations to Festival Director Faouzi Skali and Artistic Director Alain Weber. Weber also deserves congratulations for his production of the extraordinary performance of "At the Heart of the Nile" by Sheikh Hamid Hossein Ahmad and Sheikh Ghanan from the village of Deir in the Upper Nile.

Alain Weber
Faouzi Skali 

The pre-festival organisation this year was far better organised, with information available well in advance. For journalists the often last minute confusion over press passes was gone, replaced with a smooth and efficient system. Tribute has to be paid to Spirit of Fes Foundation Press Officer Eziza Sid'Ahmed.

Set against this good preparatory work was the once again over zealous attitude of security personel who seemed to have little appreciation that the international journalists had a job to do and that their reporting is a key to the success of future festivals.  It may be worthwhile for the festival organisers to consider doing what many other festivals do and hold "friendliness" training sessions for security so that their attitude is more about how they can help you rather than hinder. 

Another source of complaint was the location of the media centre. Having it out at the Zalagh Parc Hotel far from where people were gathered for concerts, was simply wrong. Hopefully the same mistake will not be repeated next year. Having a press centre either at or near Dar Tazi would be far more logical.

 The overbooking of venues needs urgent attention as the crush of people at both major venues was on several evenings,way over capacity to the point where the situation was potentially dangerous. The availability of hundreds of cheap "sponsors' tickets" being sold outside the Bab Al Makina also needs curtailing.

 Thanks to Helen Ranger, the English language translations on line were of immense value to visitors and journalists alike. However, the festival still needs to come to terms with the fact that English is either the first or second language of a large number of visitors to the festival and that handing out information in French alone is of limited value. As a Swedish visitor told The View from Fez, "We don't expect a Swedish translation, but English is our second language and if the festival expects to be appreciated it must provide far more material in English."

 At one event half the audience left after discovering that no English translator was on hand. At the forum sessions at the Batha Museum, the English language translators were a mixed bunch. Some did a superb job while others were barely comprehensible.

Gurus of lighting and sound Christophe Olivier and Chris Ekers 

This year the lighting and sound were in the capable hands of Christophe Olivier and Chris Ekers respectively whose sterling work enhanced all the concerts. Each year the technical demands of musicians grow in complexity and as Chris Ekers pointed out they are now at the upper limits of what their equipment can deliver. In one case this year an extra monitor desk needed to be brought in for El Gusto.

 Chris Ekers made the observation that the festival has become more mainstream. His highlights? "Mongolians and Sardinians, the Upper Nile Egyptians were fabulous. Assri was good but commercial and walked off stage at the end and the band had to come to a grinding halt! Plano at the last Batha concert was superb. The fact so many concerts were fusions of cultures is a good sign. Ana Mouro had a fabulous voice but not great stagecraft."

  The View from Fez Team have their say

This year The View from Fez was fortunate to have to services of a talented team of writers and photographers: Vanessa Bonnin, Suzanna Clarke, Natasha Christov, Gabe Monson, Stephanie Clifford-Smith, Nouri Verghese, and Inga Meladze.

Stephanie Clifford-Smith

 As a first time visitor to the festival the overall experience has been great. The standard of the acts was remarkable and the sound at every venue spot on. Highlights included the lovely fado singer Ana Moura in the Musee Bartha, the venue dimly lit to emulate a fado house. The final concert, Patti Smith, at the Bab al Makina was brilliant because, fan or not, she’s an icon who performed graciously and gave it her all.

Ana Moura

Many performances were sheer fun for both audiences and performers and these were favourites. Coubane Mint Ely Warakane from Mauritania and Lo Còr de la Plana from Marseilles spring immediately to mind but off the scale in the fun stakes was the Ladysmith Chicago Gospel Experience. Nothing’s going to get this atheist turning to God but, Jesus, that style of Christian worship is a blast!


Lowlights can mostly be tracked to festival admin and over zealous security. A scheduling clash saw quite a few people walk out of the Samira Kadiri concert to get to their next gig, the mini exodus beyond awkward in a venue as small as Dar Mokri.

 Cameramen yakking at the Musee Batha during the Upper Nile Sufi night made it impossible for those at the back to hear the act. And security thinking their job was to make it as tough as possible to get into venues for the first few nights of the festival was frankly a pain. But, hey, on balance the gripes were small potatoes in the eight days that were a fabulous Fez festival.


Natasha Christov

 Flamenco sensation Andres Marin and Moroccan singer Cherifa, both performing at the Opening Concert, were definite Festival highlights; Marin's precision in the execution of complex flamenco movements was astounding, and Cherifa's earthy vocals simply incomparable. Anthropologically, Syrian popstar Assala Nasri's concert at an overbooked Bab Al Makina was eye-opening, with glamoured-up locals arriving in droves to belt out Nasri's hits.

Andres Marin
One major gripe at this year's Festival was its embarrassingly poor organisation. Overbooked venues left ticket-holders unable to attend, time and venue changes barely publicised left performers without an audience, and disorganised security meant attendees were at times confined to an area only to be banished from it. In addition, it is worth mentioning the lack of world focus at this "world music" festival.

Concert synopses, workshop lectures and major press conferences were all in French, ostracising a large contingent of foreign visitors and locals (the two main languages spoken in Fes are Darija and Fusha). Thankfully, the free concerts were another story. A definite highlight was southern Moroccan group Tariqa Hassania had the audience on their feet dancing, clapping and singing to the world language; music.

 Gabe Monson

 Writing and photographing the free evening concerts at Place Boujloud led to some different perspectives than in my previous media role at the Fes Festival, recording sound. I began to pay more attention to what I saw, as well as what I heard. Tired from late nights and deadlines I became more sensitive to how the environment of the events, as well as the music, could invigorate or irritate, inspire or sooth.

Hamid el Kasri

My week was bookended with invigoration. Firstly by the warmth of Mauritanian griot (storyteller) Coumbane Mint Ely Warakane at the Batha Museum, supported by her ‘blue birds from heaven’ singers and sensitive male musicians.

Finally, by the brilliantly arranged high energy Gnawa-jazz fusion group led by Karim Ziad and Hamid Kasri at Place Boujloud.

 Batha Museum itself was a soothing highlight, particularly one restorative afternoon mid-Festival, lying under the ancient wood and cascading foliage of its centrepiece tree drifting to the delicate music of Fado singer Ana Moura’s band.

 Lebanese chanteuse Abeer Nehme was inspiringly graceful both in voice and manner; Ali Alaoui’s Andalucian orchestra inspired smiles and dance.

 What was irritating to me may have been wonderful for others, so I’ll leave those bits of grit behind and instead congratulate the often unsung heroes of events- the sound and lighting crews. Their work in the challenging space of Boujloud was outstanding; clearly mixing diverse instruments and creatively shaping tableaux of shifting colour, texture and movement within the cavernous stage.

 Vanessa Bonnin

 There were many highlights for me this year, and they all stemmed from the brave and innovative collaborations between musicians and performers. It seemed that every second performance was a premiere, or a new fusion that brought together diverse styles that when combined produced something even greater than the sum of their parts.

 The first time this grabbed me was the Sardinian tenors singing with the Mongolians - a delightful and joyous performance. Then, the addition of a stupendous young flamenco dancer to the Paco de Lucia show - de Lucia was a marvel but it was Farruco who we were all still talking about a week later.

Mind blowing gospel!

Birds on a Wire - the new collaboration between Rosemary Standley and Dom La Nena - was another marvellous performance infused with talent and humour, and then the feel-good tour de force of the Ladysmith Chicago Gospel experience who blew my mind with their energy and enthusiasm.

Patti Smith in Fez - the ultimate concert

Patti Smith's concert was the ultimate for me - a full-on rock concert in Fes! - but again, it was the collaboration between her and the audience that made this performance so special. The crowd plays a huge role in the success of a show and this was poignantly demonstrated when the people of Fes stood up and responded to Patti's powerful call for freedom.

Thanks to our guest contributors Inga Meladze and Nouri Verghese who covered the Sufi Nights

The next Fes Festival of World Sacred Music will be held between June 13 to 21, 2014. Let us know who you would like to see perform.
We hope to see you there.


Photographs: Suzanna Clarke, Vanessa Bonnin, Gabe Monson, Natasha Christov, Inga Meladze, Sandy McCutcheon

The View from Fez is an official Media Partner of the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music
SHARE THIS!
Print Friendly and PDF