Although Moroccans have an official currency - the dirham - they also have an informal currency - the riyal and so, buying vegetables or fruit in a Moroccan souk can sometimes be extremely confusing, even for people who have spent a lot of time in the country and understand the local language 
You see a sign saying (for example) pomegranates  are 15 dirhams a kilo. You ask for a kilo and the store holder says that will be 300! What he has done is quote the price in riyals, rather than dirhams. The fact that riyals don't actually exist anymore is not important, but that people think in them. To make matters more confusing, you can also be told a price in francs.


Matthew Schumann, a Fulbright Scholar, explains the system.

 There are two currency systems used in Morocco. One is that of the dirham, the official Moroccan currency that is printed on bills and coins. The other currency is the riyal, an old Moroccan currency which is no longer exists, but is still used by Moroccans to value purchases both small and large. 1 dirham is equal to 20 riyals. In other words, the riyal is to the dirham, as the nickel is to the dollar.

Only, imagine that nickels no longer existed in reality, but stayed in our minds as a way to describe the prices of things. So, the money in your pocket would be dollars, and you would use dollars to buy everything, but you think of prices in nickels. Understanding the relationship between dirhams and riyals is key to making sense of Morocco's marketplaces. Knowing that sometimes the prices you hear are riyals and not dirhams can save you both money and frustration.

  If the riyal were American...

 Imagine that when you go to the store, the prices are listed in dollars but in your head you value everything in nickel. When you see the label on a $3.50 gallon of milk you think, "That's worth 70 nickels". In your mind, a $4.00 loaf of bread is 80 nickels. At the mall, you ask a clerk how much a pair of jeans is worth. He tells you it's 600 nickels and you check the tag which reads $30. Every month your cell phone bill is 1600 nickels and your gym membership costs 1000 nickels. You got a great price on your new Prius, only paying 440,000 nickels. You live in Colorado and can't believe that your friends in pay 36,000 nickels a month for a 1 bedroom apartment in Brooklyn. This is exactly how the riyal exists alongside the dirham in Morocco, and they are used in such a way in some of the same situations described above.


When riyals are used instead of dirhams:

 Buying fruits, vegetables and other foods in the souq, especially foods sold by the kilo. For example, while the price of potatoes might be listed on a sign as 6 dirhams a kilo, the vendor may state the price as 120 riyals. Buying used clothing and other used goods in the souq. Walking through a used clothing market you frequently hear prices in the hundreds. A pair of jeans might be 600, a sweater 400. But those are riyals not dirhams.

 For small purchases whose totals are less than a dirham or include change. For example instead of saying something is 1.50 dirhams one would say 30 riyals. For apartment rent and other similar big purchases. Moroccans will describe their rent in the tens of thousands of riyals. 20,000 a month is 1000 dirhams, 40,000 is 2,000 dirhams. Sometimes these values are abbreviated to Buying from or selling to illiterate or uneducated people. At least 40% of Moroccan cannot read or write. They still use paper money and coins but cannot understand their printed value in dirhams and rather understand them in their riyal value.


When riyals are not used:

Supermarkets and other 'fancy' stores do not use riyals. Supermarkets have to be precise with their pricing and will give change down to the centeme, the equivalent of a penny. Boutiques and touristy stores will also use dirhams. Taxi meters are in dirhams and the decimals are centemes. Taxi fares are always rounded up or down to the nearest dirham. Any price in a newspaper or magazine, or in an advertisement will be in dirhams.

 Real Estate purchases, if not described in riyals, is also described in centemes. So it's not uncommon to hear prices in the millions and tens of millions. If a price sounds too high, convert it into either riyals or centemes, and ask for clarification.

  How to convert riyals to dirhams and vice versa

 To go from dirhams to riyals multiply by 20, and to go from riyals to dirhams divide by 20. This video features Moroccans describing the prices of various goods in riyals. Watching this video will help you to familiarize yourself with the riyal and will give you an opportunity to practice convert between riyals and dirhams in your head.

 

Want to learn more about Morocco and Moroccan Arabic? Click here for a list of  Moroccan Arabic lessons.

  Matt Schumann is a Fulbright, English Teacher at the S.M. Ben-Abdellah University in Fes, Morocco. He is a graduate of Rice University . He worked as the Editor in Chief and Publisher of the the Rice Standard magazine. He is familiar with the world of journalism and online media and writes on current issues.

  Reposted with permission:    More from Matt here

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Moroccan News Update


A round up of the week's news including Ramadan TV programming


Arabic Programme to Relocate From Egypt to Morocco

The Arabic Overseas Flagship Program is relocating from Alexandria, Egypt to Meknes, having determined that restrictions in place to ensure students’ safety were undermining opportunities for informal language and cultural learning.

The unrest in Egypt looks set to continue for some time and with the fatal stabbing of an American college student in Alexandria the U.S. State Department has warned against non-essential travel to Egypt in light of the growing political and social unrest, prompting universities to reevaluate their study abroad programs there.

Dan Davidson, the president of the American Councils for International Education, which administers the program, said, “In recent days, it had become clear that in order to guarantee the safety of our students in Egypt, it had become necessary to establish curfews and limitations on their movements including escort and shuttle arrangements to and from classes at the university,. This means that the students were essentially having to give up many of the kinds of informal language contacts and cultural exploration that overseas immersion study is designed to provide,”

The program's Egyptian partner institution, Alexandria University, will be transferring some of its language teachers to Morocco to continue working with students.

The year long Arabic Overseas Flagship Program began in early June and involves 18 students from five U.S. universities. The Flagship language programs are funded by the U.S. Department of Defense’s National Security Education Program.


American Schools and Universities in Morocco to be Licensed

The Moroccan press is reporting that the Moroccan Prime Minister, Abdelilah Benkirane,  is about to "tighten the screws" on American schools operating in Morocco.

Abdelilah Benkirane's government will finalise a Moroccan-American draft convention, that will lay out strict regulations on the operation in Morocco of schools and American universities.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation will bring the draft convention forward for debate in government.  Under the terms of the agreement, the Ministry would give licenses to American schools American universities with no religious curriculum, and that avoid Christian proselytizing activities even in a subliminal way.

American schools will also be required to provide compulsory courses on the languages, cultures and history of Morocco. To do this they will be required to employ Moroccan teachers authorized by the Moroccan Ministry of National Education, and subject to inspections.

The annual holiday schedule will not be defined by only American holidays, but must also include all Moroccan national and religious holidays.

A pure Arabic prayer room will be required in all institutions. According of the terms of this new draft Moroccan-American agreement, the tuition in these schools must be paid by the parents of Moroccan students in Dirhams and not Dollars.

There will also be strict guidelines about the teaching of Moroccan geography with a special requirement that the American institutions must use complete maps of Morocco and not ones with the area of Moroccan Sahara amputated. The comes at a time when there is pressure on both Google Maps and Facebook to correct their maps to include the Sahara. To this end there is also an online petition.

A map of Morocco - "Correct and intact"

The correction of maps is deemed very important for the defense, protection and respect of Morocco’s territorial integrity and complies with the article 38 of the constitution which states that “all citizens contribute to the defense of the country and its territorial integrity against any aggression or threat.”

The activists behind this cause, which was launched on June 29th, seek to attain 1,000,000 signatures. They also call on all Moroccan internet users to upload the official, correct and intact map of Morocco on all digital platforms on the internet so that it can become a reference in all major search engines.


Acts of bravery in Marrakech explosions

This week a series of explosions occurred in Marrakech's Azli district when a truck loaded with butane gas canisters caught fire.  Several sources have indicated that the truck driver and his helper were carrying dozens of gas tanks for distribution to retail merchants during a period of extremely high temperature.

They noticed their mirrors that a gas canisters was smoking and may have caught fire. The situation was very dangerous because a huge and deadly explosion could have taken place at any moment.

However, by mutual agreement, the driver and his mate decided to drive the truck as far as possible, to avoid the inhabited parts of Azli neighborhood. At the risk of their lives, the two men remained in the truck their until they reached an empty area. Just as they arrived in an open area the gas cylinders began to explode causing a huge "mushroom of fire".  Fortunately the men were not injured and there were no other casualties.


Morocco cleans up its highways

The National Motorway Authority of Morocco (ADM) have announced that by 2015 all highways will be equipped with recycling platforms in 2015 (WMD).  The first equipment for selective waste collection has already begun to be deployed.

On the outskirts of motorways and service areas, the amount of waste collected each year is 3,000 tons, said the ADM in a statement, noting that this amount includes several categories of recyclable waste, including bottles water, soda cans, paper and cardboard.

A trial by ADM was implemented in January 2013  with the building of an ecological platform for sorting and compaction of waste collected on the outskirts of the Rabat to Larache highway. The first results from this site showed a positive impact on waste management with the recycling of a significant part of the waste products.


Art Culture and Ramadan TV

As in previous years, the three main channels of Moroccan television have placed their bets on comedy to fill their programming of Ramadan.

Al Aoula's latest announcement includes three comedy series for the sacred month: Rass Rass lmahyen starring Kamal Kadimi and Ilham Ouaziz,  Danya Hanya which tells "the story of four young roommates from different cultures starting their working lives in Casablanca", and Hniya, M'barek and Messoud.

For his part, 2M announces the return with great fanfare a "dynamic duo" comic for the month of Ramadan. This is Khadija Assad and her husband Aziz Saadallah. Both actors will star in a new sitcom entitled Dour biha chibani ago. Another couple will also be featured on the small screen through a series of 30 episodes of 3 minutes each. Hassan El Fad and Dounia Boutazout will interpret a "couple" like no other.

The Bnat Lalla Mennana, an adaptation of the theatrical play The House of Bernarda Alba by Federico Garcia Lorca, will return for a second season. With its success in 2012, the series will again take viewers in the heart of Chefchaouen and its famous little blue houses.

Médi1 TV offers Adil Imam, the 73 year old Egyptian actor, who plays the lead role of Al Arraf series. He will be "accompanied by other Egyptian stars such as Hassan and Hussein Fahmi Houssni in the comic role of a crook and fugitive from justice in Egypt today."

Adil Imam

Adil Imam said the new series, written by Youssef Maati and directed by Rami Imam again, belongs to the Comedy genre, where he plays the role of a sharper, who goes to jail but escapes following January revolution, and motivated by the chaotic situation the country falls in, he decides to run for presidency. Like all his previous works, Al-Arraf is characterised by its sarcastic nature especially when highlighting corruption in the political system.

The Médil channel will also air a new season of Lyam Deret. The Moroccan series is described as  "a more intense dramatic intrigue and mysterious."

The political strife in Cairo has cause major problems for the production of Egyptian soaps. Dalal Hamza, a producer at the Egyptian Radio and Television Union, says the number of Ramadan TV series has fallen from 55 last year to 23 this season.

The total cost of production cost this year was 900 million Egyptian pounds ($128 million) while last year it reached close to $1.5 billion pounds ($213.6 million).

Production conditions "are surrounded by lots of problems, especially the general financial crisis and decline in advertising, as well as the security situation that hinders filming, which has prompted the industry to rely heavily on studio filming", she said.

Hamza said the costliest series this year is Al-Arraf, with production costs soaring to 50 million pounds ($7.1 million).


Morocco will delay price rises until after Ramadan 

The shelving of  planned deregulation of prices for some subsidized products until after Ramadan follows controversy over its announcement of the move before the Muslim fasting month when millions of Moroccans spend heavily.

The Moroccan government, under pressure from the International Monetary Fund, is seeking to cut back on subsidies that burned up 53.36 billion dirhams of public money in 2012 or 6.4 pct of Morocco's GDP.

But the reforms also mean pain for households used to subsidized oil, gas, sugar and other staple goods.

"We will launch the automatic price adjustment after Ramadan," Finance Minister Nizar Baraka told Reuters. "We will announce the exact day after the sacred month taking into consideration the commodity prices in the international markets."

General Affairs and Governance Minister Mohamed Najib Boulif said last week that the government would start automatic price adjustment within weeks for fuel - except cooking gas - and sugar.

The government expects the shift to cut spending on subsidies by 20 percent, to 42 billion dirhams ($5 billion) or less. That is within the limit fixed by the 2013 budget, which is based on an oil price of $105.

Boulif noted that if oil prices were lower than $105 then Moroccans would wind up paying less than if the subsidy scheme had been left in place.

"The adjustment will be in both directions. When (oil) prices are less than $105, that will let Moroccans consider that it is not necessarily a bad thing," he argued last week.

The government, however, may also set a different pricing regime of diesel fuel to protect the transportation sector and avoid a snowball effect on prices.

"We are considering how to set a different pricing regime for diesel used in the transport of people and goods, but it is in discussions and not yet decided," Transport Minister Abdelaziz Rebbah told Reuters earlier this week.

That may sharply reduce the savings for the government as the transport sector burns up around 65 percent of the national consumption of oil, according to ministry figures.

A junior party is threathening to quit the governing coalition unless Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane moderated plans for the sweeping cuts. Benkirane, backed by the IMF to the tune of $6.2 billion under a precautionary credit line agreed last year, insists the reforms will go ahead.

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Ramadan In Morocco 2013

Ramadan 1434 will begin on Wednesday in Morocco. In a statement the government said that the crescent moon announcing Ramadan, could not be observed on Monday and therefore July 10th will be the first day of fasting.

 Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar and observing the fast is one of the five pillars of Islam, with the profession of faith, prayer, almsgiving and pilgrimage.

Fasting, which lasts 29 to 30 days, begins at dawn and ends at sunset. Fasting also means abstaining from drinking, smoking or have sex during daylight hours.

 This year - year of the Hegira 1434 - Ramadan is expected to end on the 8th or 9th of August in Morocco, the day when Muslims celebrate Eid Al Fitr.

 Arab Gulf states and Egypt have agreed with Morocco and announced that the first day of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan will start Wednesday.

 “Nobody has reported having seen the moon of the new lunar month this evening, so it was decided to consider Tuesday, tomorrow, as the complementary day of the current month of Shaaban and that Wednesday will be the first day of Ramadan,” the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) reported.

 A billion and a half Muslims globally are anticipating the beginning of the month-long fast, according to Reuters.

Ramadan kareem - Ramadan Mubarak
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Barbary Lions May Come Back to Morocco's Atlas Mountains

The Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo), also known as the Atlas lion is a subspecies of lion that became extinct in the wild in the 20th century. Its former habitat range was in North Africa encompassing the region from Morocco to Egypt. And over the last few years there have been growing calls for the reintroduction of the Babrary lion to the wild in Morocco.
What makes this extraordinary is that there are many scientists who believe the lion is extinct. Yet others claim there are 90 lions alive in zoos including 35 in Rabat.


The Moroccan Ministry of Water and Forests had raised the matter in 2000, with the growing awareness of the danger threatening this species. The reintroduction of the Atlas lions in their natural sphere is deemed a long-term project that would necessitate both significant human and financial efforts to achieve it. The former popularity of the Barbary Lion as a zoo animal provides the only hope to ever see it again in the wild in North Africa. Many zoos provide mating programmes, which will help to increase the population of the species.


After years of research into the science of the Barbary Lion and stories of surviving examples, WildLink International, in collaboration with Oxford University, launched their ambitious International Barbary Lion Project. Oxford used the very latest DNA techniques to identify the DNA 'fingerprint' of the Barbary Lion subspecies. Researchers took bone samples from remains of Barbary Lions in museums across Europe.

These samples were returned to Oxford University where the science team extracted the DNA sequence which identified the Barbary as a separate subspecies. Although the Barbary may be extinct, and is certainly extinct in the wild, WildLink International looked to identify a handful of lions in captivity around the world that may be descended from the original Barbary Lion.

These descendants were to be tested against the DNA fingerprint and the degree of any hybridization (from crossbreeding) can then be determined. The best candidates were to then enter a selective breeding programme slated to 'breed back' the Barbary Lion.

The final phase of the project intended to see the lions released into a National Park in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco.

 As of March 2010, two alleged barbary lion cubs have been moved to 'The Texas Zoo' in Victoria, Texas where efforts are being made to preserve the endangered species under the WildLink International conservation programme.

 In Morocco a protected area of 10,000 hectares has allegedly been defined in a sparsely populated area in order to build this ambitious project.

 As recently as last week La Vie Eco was writing that "Moroccan civil society has been mobilized recently in support of the kingdom’s mountain lions". There is reportedly an internet a petition circulating calling for the reintroduction of the atlas lions to their natural environment, which proponents say is Morocco’s Atlas mountains.

 The main sources of natural prey for the predators of the Atlas Mountains were Barbary Stag and gazelle. Another particular favorite, and somewhat easier target, were the herds of cows and sheep kept by man. The method of hunting was never documented, but it is believed that they used the same death by strangulation method as do the other big cats of the world.

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New Creative Director for the Jardin Marjorelle

Stephen di Renza is a man described as having "feline chic". While that may be true, there is a lot more to the man who has just been appointed Creative Director of one of Marrakech's main attractions - the Jardin Majorelle.
Stephen di Renza in Fez

Like most New York intellectuals of his generation, Stephen di Renza studied Derrida and Lyotard as well as Warhol and the punk bands playing at Max’s Kansas City. After a B.A. in film study at NYU, the Philadelphia-born di Renza started out as a photo stylist for Interview magazine, did a stint as an industrial designer, and acted as fashion director for Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman. In Paris he made his name as the Artistic Director for Dunhill where his style was described as "chic by subtraction". In Dunhill's Heritage Store di Renza mixed vintage pieces, modern re-editions and contemporary art.

Stephen in Paris   Photo : Vincent Lappartient
A long sojourn in Paris was followed by a move to Fez and the creation of Riad 9 and Resto 7. Last year Di Renza met entrepreneur Pierre Bergé. "I really respect the people behind the Jardin Majorelle," Stephen says.

The respect was obviously mutual and he clearly left a favourable impression with Bergé, who revived the fortunes of the Jardin Majorelle with his late partner Yves St Laurent. Recently di Renza received the job offer as Creative Director of what is one of the top attractions in Marrakech.

 For a man with Stephen's considerable talents, it is, as he describes it. "a dream role". "I'm going to be creating all new products made in Morocco," he told The View from Fez. "I'm looking to combine modern Morocco with international savoir faire."

  The Majorelle Garden

 Majorelle is a twelve-acre botanical garden and artist's landscape garden in Marrakech. It was designed by the expatriate French artist Jacques Majorelle in the 1920s and 1930s, during the colonial period when Morocco was a protectorate of France.

Majorelle Gardens - photo: Suzanna Clarke
Majorelle was the son of the Art Nouveau ébéniste of Nancy, Louis Majorelle. Though Majorelle's gentlemanly Orientalist watercolors are largely forgotten today (many are preserved in the villa's collection), the two and a half acre garden he created is his creative masterpiece.

The special shade of bold cobalt blue which he used extensively in the garden and its buildings is named after him, bleu Majorelle — Majorelle Blue. The garden hosts more than 15 bird species that are endemic to North Africa. It has many fountains, and a notable collection of cacti. It has been open to the public since 1947.

Since 1980 the garden has been owned by the late Yves Saint-Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé. After Yves Saint Laurent died in 2008 his ashes were scattered in the Majorelle Garden. 
The garden also houses the Islamic Art Museum of Marrakech, whose collection includes North African textiles from Saint-Laurent's personal collection as well as ceramics, jewelry, and paintings by Majorelle.

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Fes Festival of World Sacred Music 2013 - the Wrap Up

The 19th edition of the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music is over.  Here is a retrospective look at what many are describing as one of the best festivals so far. Picking favourites and highlights is often a difficult task, but this year audiences and reviewers alike had very similar choices.

The opening night spectacle (see review here) was the presentation of the premier of Love Is My Religion, which is best is described as Andalusia recreated through poetry, dance and music. It was everything an opening night performance should be and one of the best to date.

 The performance, directed by Andrés Marín, featured more than thirty Arabo-Andalusian, Sufi, Amazigh and Spanish flamenco artists and included: Andrés Marín, dance, Carmen Linares, vocals, Amina Alaoui, vocals, Cherifa, vocals and Samira Kaderi, vocals. The music co-ordination was by Aziz Al Achab.

 Right from the beginning, with the Andres Marin's display of passionate flamenco, the audience knew they were in for something special. Marin, unaccompanied, moved across the stage, taut and birdlike. Soon he was joined by a haunting clarinet until the piece built ultimately to include ouds, drums and cellos. He moved with core muscles braced and back arched, his heels mimicking the clatter of horse’s hooves.


However, the highlight for many was the appearance of Amazigh singer Cherifa (pictured above). As she entered the stage, flanked by Arab artist Bahaa Ronda and Spanish singer Carmen Linares, some of the crowd broke into ululations of appreciation. Cherifa opened her mouth and the energy in the air crackled, her deeply evocative voice raising goosebumps on one’s skin. Cherifa's command of her art produced an eerily primal sound that seemed both ancient and timeless.

Sufi Nights with the Hamadcha Brotherhood

Along with Cherifa's opening night performance the most widely talked about concerts were those by Paco de Lucía, the Mongolian Sardinian Fusion, El Gusto, Fado singer Ana Moura and Patti Smith. Among the local Moroccans, the Assala Nasri's concert was a huge hit. At the Sufi Nights at Dar Tazi, the local Hamadcha Brotherhood were overwhelming favourites. The free concerts in the Festival in the City series was again extremely popular, with favourites being (unsurprisingly) the Hamadcha and Dj ClicK and, Nass L'Ghiwan and Hamid el Kasri.


Paco de Lucía's appearance was a highlight in many ways, not just the maestro's extraordinarily passionate guitar work, but also due to the superb performances by singer Juan Rafael Cortés Santiago, known as Duquende and flamenco dancer Antonio Fernández Montoya, known as “Farruco”. (See review here)


There were many performances at the festival this year that combined music from different traditions some, like the Indian/baroque concert were only mildly successful, but the standout was the afternoon at the Batha museum that featured the polyphonic work of the Sardinian Cuncordu E Tenore de Orosei and diphonic Mongolian khöömii chanting from singers Ts Tsogtgerel and Nergui Ganzorig of Mongolia.

 At first glance the pairing looked like a recipe for disaster, but the reality was wonderful. It was, as one reviewer put it, as if the tectonic plates had shifted. Asia's Altai and Gobi Desert crashed into the mountains of Sardinia, producing a culture shock with Fez at the epicentre.

 The Mongolians remarkable ability to depict landscape was matched by the Sardinians. The Mongolians evoked the sound of horses galloping over the windswept steppes while the Sardinians polyphony took the audience soaring over peaks, plateaus and into valleys. Their crystal clear harmonies combined to produce a soudscape greater than its individual parts. Then, when they came together in a huddle, the Mongolian overtone chanting became the solid drone base for a new landscape of steppes and, somewhere in the musical distance, the mountain peaks. Unforgettable. (See review here)


Probably one of ther most poignant moments in the festival was when, with a tear running down her cheek, Aïcha Redouane sang (pictured above) for the first time in her own language (Amazigh) in her own country. And then, of course there was the triumph that was Patti. (See our review here)



Behind the Scenes

 The programming of this festival was seen by most people as being an extremely good mix of music and culture with virtually no exceptions. The Nights in the Medina evenings worked well apart from the usual complaints about the bad sight-lines at Dar Mokri. Hopefully a better venue can be found for the next festival.  Security and signage was more than adequate. The Sufi Nights were very well attended as were the Festival in the City events.

A village in the Upper Nile comes to life at Batha

Congratulations to Festival Director Faouzi Skali and Artistic Director Alain Weber. Weber also deserves congratulations for his production of the extraordinary performance of "At the Heart of the Nile" by Sheikh Hamid Hossein Ahmad and Sheikh Ghanan from the village of Deir in the Upper Nile.

Alain Weber
Faouzi Skali 

The pre-festival organisation this year was far better organised, with information available well in advance. For journalists the often last minute confusion over press passes was gone, replaced with a smooth and efficient system. Tribute has to be paid to Spirit of Fes Foundation Press Officer Eziza Sid'Ahmed.

Set against this good preparatory work was the once again over zealous attitude of security personel who seemed to have little appreciation that the international journalists had a job to do and that their reporting is a key to the success of future festivals.  It may be worthwhile for the festival organisers to consider doing what many other festivals do and hold "friendliness" training sessions for security so that their attitude is more about how they can help you rather than hinder. 

Another source of complaint was the location of the media centre. Having it out at the Zalagh Parc Hotel far from where people were gathered for concerts, was simply wrong. Hopefully the same mistake will not be repeated next year. Having a press centre either at or near Dar Tazi would be far more logical.

 The overbooking of venues needs urgent attention as the crush of people at both major venues was on several evenings,way over capacity to the point where the situation was potentially dangerous. The availability of hundreds of cheap "sponsors' tickets" being sold outside the Bab Al Makina also needs curtailing.

 Thanks to Helen Ranger, the English language translations on line were of immense value to visitors and journalists alike. However, the festival still needs to come to terms with the fact that English is either the first or second language of a large number of visitors to the festival and that handing out information in French alone is of limited value. As a Swedish visitor told The View from Fez, "We don't expect a Swedish translation, but English is our second language and if the festival expects to be appreciated it must provide far more material in English."

 At one event half the audience left after discovering that no English translator was on hand. At the forum sessions at the Batha Museum, the English language translators were a mixed bunch. Some did a superb job while others were barely comprehensible.

Gurus of lighting and sound Christophe Olivier and Chris Ekers 

This year the lighting and sound were in the capable hands of Christophe Olivier and Chris Ekers respectively whose sterling work enhanced all the concerts. Each year the technical demands of musicians grow in complexity and as Chris Ekers pointed out they are now at the upper limits of what their equipment can deliver. In one case this year an extra monitor desk needed to be brought in for El Gusto.

 Chris Ekers made the observation that the festival has become more mainstream. His highlights? "Mongolians and Sardinians, the Upper Nile Egyptians were fabulous. Assri was good but commercial and walked off stage at the end and the band had to come to a grinding halt! Plano at the last Batha concert was superb. The fact so many concerts were fusions of cultures is a good sign. Ana Mouro had a fabulous voice but not great stagecraft."

  The View from Fez Team have their say

This year The View from Fez was fortunate to have to services of a talented team of writers and photographers: Vanessa Bonnin, Suzanna Clarke, Natasha Christov, Gabe Monson, Stephanie Clifford-Smith, Nouri Verghese, and Inga Meladze.

Stephanie Clifford-Smith

 As a first time visitor to the festival the overall experience has been great. The standard of the acts was remarkable and the sound at every venue spot on. Highlights included the lovely fado singer Ana Moura in the Musee Bartha, the venue dimly lit to emulate a fado house. The final concert, Patti Smith, at the Bab al Makina was brilliant because, fan or not, she’s an icon who performed graciously and gave it her all.

Ana Moura

Many performances were sheer fun for both audiences and performers and these were favourites. Coubane Mint Ely Warakane from Mauritania and Lo Còr de la Plana from Marseilles spring immediately to mind but off the scale in the fun stakes was the Ladysmith Chicago Gospel Experience. Nothing’s going to get this atheist turning to God but, Jesus, that style of Christian worship is a blast!


Lowlights can mostly be tracked to festival admin and over zealous security. A scheduling clash saw quite a few people walk out of the Samira Kadiri concert to get to their next gig, the mini exodus beyond awkward in a venue as small as Dar Mokri.

 Cameramen yakking at the Musee Batha during the Upper Nile Sufi night made it impossible for those at the back to hear the act. And security thinking their job was to make it as tough as possible to get into venues for the first few nights of the festival was frankly a pain. But, hey, on balance the gripes were small potatoes in the eight days that were a fabulous Fez festival.


Natasha Christov

 Flamenco sensation Andres Marin and Moroccan singer Cherifa, both performing at the Opening Concert, were definite Festival highlights; Marin's precision in the execution of complex flamenco movements was astounding, and Cherifa's earthy vocals simply incomparable. Anthropologically, Syrian popstar Assala Nasri's concert at an overbooked Bab Al Makina was eye-opening, with glamoured-up locals arriving in droves to belt out Nasri's hits.

Andres Marin
One major gripe at this year's Festival was its embarrassingly poor organisation. Overbooked venues left ticket-holders unable to attend, time and venue changes barely publicised left performers without an audience, and disorganised security meant attendees were at times confined to an area only to be banished from it. In addition, it is worth mentioning the lack of world focus at this "world music" festival.

Concert synopses, workshop lectures and major press conferences were all in French, ostracising a large contingent of foreign visitors and locals (the two main languages spoken in Fes are Darija and Fusha). Thankfully, the free concerts were another story. A definite highlight was southern Moroccan group Tariqa Hassania had the audience on their feet dancing, clapping and singing to the world language; music.

 Gabe Monson

 Writing and photographing the free evening concerts at Place Boujloud led to some different perspectives than in my previous media role at the Fes Festival, recording sound. I began to pay more attention to what I saw, as well as what I heard. Tired from late nights and deadlines I became more sensitive to how the environment of the events, as well as the music, could invigorate or irritate, inspire or sooth.

Hamid el Kasri

My week was bookended with invigoration. Firstly by the warmth of Mauritanian griot (storyteller) Coumbane Mint Ely Warakane at the Batha Museum, supported by her ‘blue birds from heaven’ singers and sensitive male musicians.

Finally, by the brilliantly arranged high energy Gnawa-jazz fusion group led by Karim Ziad and Hamid Kasri at Place Boujloud.

 Batha Museum itself was a soothing highlight, particularly one restorative afternoon mid-Festival, lying under the ancient wood and cascading foliage of its centrepiece tree drifting to the delicate music of Fado singer Ana Moura’s band.

 Lebanese chanteuse Abeer Nehme was inspiringly graceful both in voice and manner; Ali Alaoui’s Andalucian orchestra inspired smiles and dance.

 What was irritating to me may have been wonderful for others, so I’ll leave those bits of grit behind and instead congratulate the often unsung heroes of events- the sound and lighting crews. Their work in the challenging space of Boujloud was outstanding; clearly mixing diverse instruments and creatively shaping tableaux of shifting colour, texture and movement within the cavernous stage.

 Vanessa Bonnin

 There were many highlights for me this year, and they all stemmed from the brave and innovative collaborations between musicians and performers. It seemed that every second performance was a premiere, or a new fusion that brought together diverse styles that when combined produced something even greater than the sum of their parts.

 The first time this grabbed me was the Sardinian tenors singing with the Mongolians - a delightful and joyous performance. Then, the addition of a stupendous young flamenco dancer to the Paco de Lucia show - de Lucia was a marvel but it was Farruco who we were all still talking about a week later.

Mind blowing gospel!

Birds on a Wire - the new collaboration between Rosemary Standley and Dom La Nena - was another marvellous performance infused with talent and humour, and then the feel-good tour de force of the Ladysmith Chicago Gospel experience who blew my mind with their energy and enthusiasm.

Patti Smith in Fez - the ultimate concert

Patti Smith's concert was the ultimate for me - a full-on rock concert in Fes! - but again, it was the collaboration between her and the audience that made this performance so special. The crowd plays a huge role in the success of a show and this was poignantly demonstrated when the people of Fes stood up and responded to Patti's powerful call for freedom.

Thanks to our guest contributors Inga Meladze and Nouri Verghese who covered the Sufi Nights

The next Fes Festival of World Sacred Music will be held between June 13 to 21, 2014. Let us know who you would like to see perform.
We hope to see you there.


Photographs: Suzanna Clarke, Vanessa Bonnin, Gabe Monson, Natasha Christov, Inga Meladze, Sandy McCutcheon

The View from Fez is an official Media Partner of the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music
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Visiting a Moroccan Hammam - A Beginners' Guide



What should I expect when I visit a Moroccan hammam?



A visit to a Moroccan hammam (bathhouse) is a wonderful experience and one of the best ways to connect with Moroccans. So if you are a visitor to Morocco, don't miss out on a cleansing and cultural experience. Hammam etiquette is not an absolute, but here is a general guide to getting the most from the traditional way of Moroccan bathing.

Where to find a hammam

You will find public hammams in almost every town in Morocco, and in every neighborhood in the cities. Your hotel reception desk will know where to find a local hammam. Taxi drivers, waiters and people in the street will also be happy to give you directions.

The larger hammams have separate bathing rooms (and entrances) for men and women, some exclusively serve either gender. A third category have days of the week for men, and other days for women, or certain hours for men and others for women. You will not find "mixed" public hammams anywhere in Morocco.

A public hammam in the Fez Medina

Quite a few upmarket hotels and riads offer private hammams to their guests. Some also allow non-guests to use their baths. While these private hammams are usually more elaborate and luxurious, they also tend to be much more expensive than public bathhouses.

Some hotels and riads allow people from both genders to bathe together. Ask about their policy before you book.

What to bring to a hammam

Moroccans take the following toiletries to the bathhouse:
  • soap,
  • shampoo,
  • scrub glove,
  • towel,
  • small, jug-style plastic bucket to pour water over your body,
  • swimsuit or extra underwear
  • shaving cream and razor.
Hammams usually sell travel-size bottles of shampoo and soap. When available, buy "sabon beldi," a unique black olive oil soap. You will find this easily in the souks.  Also ask if they sell "ghasoul" or "rhassoul", a lava clay that is used to scrub the skin.

sabon beldi
rhassoul

Kiis (scrub glove):  Part of the bath ritual is getting scrubbed down by the hammam attendant or by a friend – all depends on whether you have a friend who will scrub your back for you (everyone scrubs each other in the bathhouse – another cultural thing that would normally be out of place in Western culture). A "kiis" (not "kiss") costs about 10 to 15 dirham /1.00 to 1.50€ for a really good one in the souks  Scrub gloves and the small plastic buckets are available at souks (markets) and épiceries (drugstores). They both cost no more than around 10 dirham. Sabon beldi and rhassoul are also widely available in shops.

You can also rent towels for a few dirham at the front desk.

Hammam layout

When you enter a hammam, you pay the man at the front desk the entry fee and continue to the changing room. Here, you change into a swim suit or a piece of underwear. You leave your clothes on shelves in the room.

There is usually no locker-type storage available, but staff will keep an eye on your belongings. It's very rare for clothing or shoes to be stolen from a hammam, but you should not bring valuable items to a bathhouse.

The changing room often doubles as a place for people to rest after their bath. A lot of hammams serve coffee or tea in this room. So while changing, you will be surrounded by other guests. Be careful to wrap a towel around your waist as you change - full-frontal nudity is offensive.
Beyond the changing room are three areas separated by walls and connected by small openings in these walls. The first room is cool, the second room is warm and the third room is steaming hot.



The hammam ritual

After changing, the usual path through a hammam is:
  • (1) Warm room
    Here, you get your body accustomed to the heat in the hammam and fill two of the many available large buckets, one with cold water and one with warm water.

    You use some of the water to clean the floor of the space you'll be sitting on. Then you wash a first time, but just superficially, to get rid of the basic dirt on your skin and in your hair.

  • (2) Hot room
    The heat in the hot room allows your pores to open wide and let your sweat out. This brings all the dirt out that's hidden in your pores and does wonders for your skin.

    How much time you spend in this room, depends on your tolerance for heat. You can use the water in your buckets to refresh from time to time, although most Moroccans leave their buckets in the warm room.

  • (3) Warm room
    You return to the warm room for a more thorough washing. This is when you soap in completely, using the water from one bucket in the process. A fellow bather may offer to wash your back for you. This is a courtesy, don't misinterpret it for anything else.

    After you wash your skin and hair, you use the water from the second bucket to rinse the soap and dirt off your body.

    When your bath is done, you carefully empty the remaining water from your buckets along the walls of the warm room.

  • (4) Cold room
    After your bath, you step into the cold room. Many hammams have communal showers in this room, so you can rinse the last remaining dirt and sweat off your body. There are also benches in this room where you can relax for a while and let your body get used to normal temperatures again.

Getting a massage

Many hammams, but by far not all, have staff who can massage you. The more upscale (often private) hammams use scented oils for this. Here, you can also choose to be washed by staff. Such a "gommage" often involves rich olive oil soap and is a real treat.

Visitor, Michael Palin having a massage in Fez

In the more basic, public hammams, a fellow bather may offer to massage you. There's nothing suspicious about such an offer. It's a very kind gesture, usually without financial motives, although returning the favor is somewhat expected.

People with a bad back or other ailments would be wise to abstain from a massage. Even at the hand of a professional, a massage can be quite painful, although afterwards you'll feel as new.
Getting a massage is always an option, never compulsory.


Hammam etiquette

There are a couple of things that you can do to upset Moroccans in a hammam. Wasting water is one of them. Water is scarce in Morocco and splashing it around in large quantities is considered imprudent and rude. Only use as much water as you need to wash and rinse.

Even more seriously offensive is stripping completely naked in a hammam. There are no exceptions in men's bathhouses, but in some women's hammams people have reported Moroccan women going complete naked. Still, women tourists should only bare all when they see Moroccans doing it. As a general rule keep panties on! (take a spare dry pair to change into afterwards).

Although hammams are basically for hygiene, they also have an important social function. This is especially true for more "traditional" women, who rarely leave their house except for a visit to the hammam. People like to chat in hammams, discussing the latest news and gossip.

As a tourist, you may be quite an event in a public hammam. You will receive a lot of attention. Enjoy your special status - a hammam is a great place to get to know Moroccans. Don't be surprised if you're invited over for drinks or dinner.

How much a hammam costs

A bath in a public hammam usually costs around 5 or 10 dirham . Towels, soap and other toiletries are available for a couple of dirhams.

If you take a massage from one of the staff in a public hammam, you are expected to tip him 10 or 15 dirham .

As you leave the bathhouse, it's custom to tip the front desk attendant one or two dirham.

Hammams in hotels and riads ask up to 300 to 500 dirham for a hammam experience. Expect to pay another few hundred dirham for a massage.

Luxury Hammam or Spa



If you are hesitant to dive into the world of a traditional hammam, then investigate the more expensive hotel/resort spas.

Part of the Nausikaa hammam

In Fez there are a number of high-end hammam and spa opportunities.

The Nausikaa Wellness Centre (See our report here). can be found on Avenue Bahnini – Route Ain Smen, in Fes. There is a separate hammam for men, a hair and make up salon, many different kinds of hydro-, seaweed and other therapies provided by staff trained in France, as well as a fully equipped modern gym with personal trainers. Tel: (+212)035 61 00 06 (+212)035 61 00 16 e-mail: info@nausikaa-spa.com website : http://nausikaaspa.com/

Riad Laaroussa - Spa Laaroussa (see our story here) is a private authentic hammam with traditional massage in the heart of the medina of Fez. Reservations are available on the hour. Open from 12pm to 8pm. Email: contact@riad-laaroussa.com  Tel: +212 (0) 6 74 18 76 39 Website: http://www.spalaaroussafez.com/

Spa Laaroussa
The hammam at Riad Laaroussa
 Riad Rcif - Open to guests and non-guests. The treatments are all natural products and a fine massage is available.
Tél : 00 212 (0)5 35 740037   E mail: contact@riadrcif.com
Website: http://www.riadrcif.com/en/hammam-spa

Palais Amani - Another luxury plus hammam with some interesting products including a hand and foot bath with sea salt crystals. Pumice stone foot scrub, Black soap with argan oil and wild mint and body clay mask and wrap
12 Derb el Miter, Email :contact@palaisamani.com Telephone +212 535 63 32 09 Website: http://www.palaisamani.com/wellbeing/hammam-rituals-at-les-bains-amani.htm



Marrakech

In Marrakech there are dozens of very fine spas and hammams.  A good example is the Riad Zamzam Spa which as well as hammam offers acupuncture, hot stone therapy and reflexology. All spa products are sourced or made locally. Most are organic, made using ancient recipes handed down by elders. Telephone: +212 661 215 062 Email: zamzamriad@gmail.com Website: http://www.riadzamzam.com/spa/